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1780 Naval Hangar |
Brown Bess Bayonet |
1805 Baker Sword Bayonet |
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1895 Officers Sword - Family Blade |
Cruciform Broadsword |
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1812 Briquette |
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1840 Militia
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1908 Krag Bayonet
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1913 Cavalry Saber - "Patton" |
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UK East India Co 1812 Naval Pistol |
Netherlands 1813 Light Cavalry |
UK Gordon Highlander Feather Bonnet |
Article on Identifying French Heavy Cavalry Sabers
Proof Stamps for French Swords
Blade - The slightly curved single fullered blade is marked with the makers name ‘DEAKI' (DEAKIN). Hilt
- All brass. Grip - Reeded carved mahogany. Condition - There are edge nicks on the blade and splits in the grip. Size approximately Overall = 29 ¼” Blade = 24 ½”.

Maker marked to Salter. Point blunted.
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I don't know much about the bayonet patterns for the Baker Rifle, but the Baker Rifle itself was only carried by a few elite regiments of light infantry. The 5th Battalion of the 60th foot (Royal Americans), the 95th Rifles, the Portuguese Cacadores and elements of the Kings German Legion. All regiments saw action during the Peninsula campaigns and the KGL and 95th Rifles at Waterloo.
There are no proof or makers marks present and the hilt shows signs of "field" repairs.

To more standardize the infantry officers pattern and to design a sword that was better suited to field use, the 1796 pattern was developed. It retained the cut and thrust blade, but the hilt was redesigned to have a brass finger guard, urn shaped pommel and a clam shell style guard. The grip was a wooden core wrapper with silver wire or a silver cover made to look like wire. Later models had a hinged clam shell on the inside so that the sword would fit closer to the uniform. This still left much to be desired in the field, but was a considerable improvement over the 1786 pattern.
This particular sword is either a 1786 pattern or an early 1796. The shell guard is fixed (unhinged) with silver wire wrap. The blade is a spadroon type with no maker marks or etching. It shows signs of quite a bit of service sharpening and could have well spent some service time in India, the Penninsula and Waterloo. It could also have seen service in America during the War of 1812.
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The 1786 pattern was a first attempt to standardize the infantry officers sword. Officially, the pattern only described the spontoon blade and the hilt design was left to the individual regiment to decide. A spadroon blade is a straight, single edged “cut and thrust” blade with a single fuller extending to near the tip.
This is a very nice circa 1786 infantry officers spadroon with a brass, slotted finger guard. The grip is reeded ivory or bone with a brass or copper rib. The pommel is a type called pillow or cushion. The blade bears the royal coat of arms.

The 1803 was a vast improvement over the 1796 and the hilt design is classic. Sometimes regimental variations were incorporated in the hilt pattern. These were mainly issued to flank company officers and sometimes have company of regimental variations. This one has standard design. No makers marks or proof marks. There are multiple period etchings including stands of arms and dragons etched into the blade. This was probably blue and gilted at one time.

This sword appears in "The Scottish Sword 1600-1945 - An Illustrated History" by H.J.S. Withers, 1st ed page 223.
This has the "Order of the Thistle" incorporated in the hilt design and this is identical to a sword in Robson's book attributed to the 1st Regiment of Foot "Royal Scots". The Royal Scots is the most senior regiment in the British army and was always in the thick of things. There were three battalions in this regiment during the Napoleonic Wars. The 1st battalion was in North America for the War of 1812. The 2nd battalion was in Britain. The 3rd battalion served in the Peninsula and at Waterloo. The blade has been fire blued or painted black for service use. It's condition is fair with wear to the hilt and fish skin grips, but, Oh, if this one could talk!
Very interesting 1895 with blade dating to late 1700s. Blade is probably Spanish and handed down through family. This could indicate Scottish origins as this was a more common practice for that nationality. Blade in fair condition with some pitting. Etched into the double fullered broadsword blade is the inscription "Do not draw me with out Reason" on one side and "Do not sheath me without honor" on the other. One of the best features about this sword and the main source of validation of it's history is the custom made scabbard in the 1895 period leather covered, wooden scabbard with metal fittings. Lockett missing, but drag is present. Keep these two together as one without the other would make either subject to being considered a fake or something which was "put together". Scabbard has some damage at throat. Very unlikely to be able to replace the throat as it would have to have been custom made. The fitting of the blade and manufacturing of the scabbard was professionally done.

This is an example of the first official pattern of saber for the British light cavalry which, at the time, consisted of Light Dragoons. The pattern was loosely described and there are multiple variations. This one can be attributed to Thomas Gill because of the design of the finger guard where it joins the pommel. Also of note are the shield shaped languets which are unusual. The blade is double fullered to the tip and is somewhat shorter than the norm. It was probably repointed at some time. Overall condition is poor with the blade and hilt being pitted, bit all parts are tight and original.

This sword appears in "The Scottish Sword 1600-1945 - An Illustrated History" by H.J.S. Withers, 1st ed page 218.
1796 Heavy Cavalry by Gill marked to the 2nd Dragoons (Scots Greys) with spear point and scabbard. Sword and scabbard have non matching rack numbers. The Scots Greys were in Ireland during the Peninsular campaign, and were only engaged at Waterloo, where they took part in one of the more notable actions of the day. They were brigaded with the 1st and 6th Dragoons, forming the “Union Brigade” named for the English, Irish and Scottish regiments. The charge of the heavy cavalry at Waterloo has been documented by 1st hand accounts and numerous paintings. The Scots Greys took roughly 90% casualties in this action. This saber was very likely involved in the charge based on the mismatch between the saber and scabbard, but more importantly, because the as-issued hatchet point has been ground down to a spear point. This was a field modification done just prior to Waterloo. After the battle, weapons were recovered, but not matched with scabbards and I have seen 2 other examples of this occurring. More than likely, this sword and scabbard represent two of the troopers who were killed or wounded in the charge.

1796 LC by Osborn & Gunby, Birmingham, marked to the 10th Light Dragoons (Hussars) “XLD” with scabbard. Saber & scabbard have matching rack numbers. D-50. Distortion to the hanging rings on scabbard, otherwise very good condition with no damage.
The 10th Light Dragoons were also known as the Prince of Wales Own Hussars. The soon to be George IV was notorious for his love of fancy uniforms and the 10th were also known as "The Shiney 10th" or the Shiners. They were reformed ad a Hussar regiment during the Napoleonic wars.
The 10th were engaged in the Napoleonic Wars in the Penninsula and at the Battle of Waterloo and took part in the final charge of the day. This saber could very well have been carried throughout these campaigns.

Officers 1821 pattern Light Cavalry Saber. Blade etching shows 17th Lancers. The 17th Lancers were part of the storied Light Brigade at Balacava and this saber would date very close to that event although there is no proof that it was carried in that charge.
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1821 Light cavalry saber marked to the 16 Lancers and has the point blunted for use as a training saber. The 16th Lancers were the first UK Lancer regiment to use the lance in combat at the battle of Aliwal. This saber would date to the time of this action, but there is no way to know if it were carried in the battle.
Some of the accounts from the battle follow:
| • The 16th Lancers took to crimping
their lance pennons in commemoration of the battle after which it is
said that the pennons were stiffened with blood. On the other hand
there is convincing evidence that the troopers of the regiment
preferred to discard their lances and fight with the sword as a more
effective weapon. A Squadron of the Queen’s Royal Lancers still
crimps its lance pennons in memory of the battle. |
| • One of the officers of the 16th
Lancers at Aliwal was Lieutenant William Morris. 9 years later in
1854, as Captain Morris, he commanded the 17th Lancers in the Charge
of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava. While in India
Morris became close friends with Lieutenant Lewis Nolan, the staff
officer who precipitated the Great Charge. At the commencement of
the Charge Nolan rode beside his friend at the head of the 17th
before becoming one of the first casualties to the Russian guns. |
| • Sir Harry Smith’s dispatch for Aliwal
and Sobraon said of Cureton, “The manner in which this famous
officer handles his cavalry, under the hottest and most galling
fire, ranks him amongst the first cavalry officers of his age.” |
| • Major Smyth, who commanded the 16th
Lancers at the Battle of Aliwal, was considered a character. Over 6
foot in height he had in 1831 been committed to prison for a year
for killing an opponent in a duel. The regiment gave him leave of
absence and Smyth returned to duty after completing his sentence,
ending his army career as a lieutenant-general. |
| • The charge of the right wing of HM 16th Lancers is said to have been led by a Sergeant Newsome, who shouted out “Hullo boys, here goes for death or a commission.” He leapt his horse over the kneeling front rank of Sikh infantry and went to grab a Sikh colour. He was killed by 19 bayonet wounds. It is reported that the squadron managed to break into the square because Newsome’s horse was so fiery and ill-trained that it went straight through the infantry. Peacetime cavalry training had horses breaking around an infantry square which made it difficult to persuade them to do otherwise in a real battle. |
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Curved 35 1/4 inch fullered blade. Regulation 3 bar guard hilt, Stamped 2 D 244 Indicating 2nd Dragoons trooper or rack number 244 2 piece Leather grip. Basket has been flattened on bottom for storage/display. Blade has numerous nicks, possible battle damage (see below). Solingen maker marked.
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Balaclava, October 25, 1854.The light brigade and heavy brigade charge
From the high grounds, too, on the edge of the Sapoune Heights the advance
of the Russian main body of cavalry had been observed and some guns in a
battery there opened fire on them. This had the effect of causing Ryjoff to
turn to the south-west, crossing the Causeway Heights and the Woronzoff
Road. Meanwhile the Heavy Brigade had left its position, and was proceeding
through the camping grounds of the brigades by squadrons independently. The
tents had been struck, but the path was much encumbered with ropes, &c The
intention of General Scarlett, who was in command, was to re-form the
brigade on the flank of the 93rd. Rapidity of action amid the tents and
picket-ropes was, however, impossible; nor could the formation, such as it
was, be very perfectly maintained. The Scots Greys and the Inniskillings
were the most advanced. Following them came the 5th Dragoon Guards, the
Royals, and the 4th Dragoon Guards. Suddenly over the crest of the Causeway
Heights, and somewhat to the left, appeared this powerful body of Russian
cavalry, and distant but a few hundred yards from the Scots Greys and the
Inniskillings. It looked as if a serious attack on the flank of the Heavy
Brigade was imminent. General Scarlett grasped the situation. His three
leading squadrons were wheeled into line, and with an order to those in the
rear to support, he prepared to instantly attack the oncoming enemy. And
with what force was he about to do so? Two squadrons of the Scots Greys and
the second squadron of the Inniskillings were all that were available for
the first onset. And there to meet him, descending the slope of the heights,
was a solid mass of nearly 3000 of the enemy's cavalry.
For some unexplained reason the Russians then halted, and then into their
stationary squadrons dashed Scarlett and his meagre force. There was no
delay in the British attack.
The "charge" alone was sounded, and headed by General Scarlett, his A.D.C.,
his trumpeter, and his orderly, the Greys and Inniskillings made straight
for the enemy. Nor were the rest of the Heavy Brigade far behind. To the
left rear, on came the 5th Dragoon Guards and the Royals, while on the right
rear rode the first squadron of the Inniskillings. This brilliant movement
was as unexpected by, as it was unwelcome to, the enemy. General Scarlett
and his front line dashed well into the centre of the Russian column. This
had the effect of enclosing the three British squadrons, as it were, between
two walls of the enemy, and the Russian flank squadrons endeavoured to
profit thereby by wheeling inwards in the hope of completely surrounding the
Scots Greys and the Inniskillings. But just as this maneuvre was being
attempted, right into the Russian left flank charged the other squadron of
the Inniskillings, while the Russian right flank was similarly dealt with by
a squadron of the Royals. The two squadrons of the 4th Dragoon Guards, who
were farther removed to the British left, directed their attack—and most
successfully, too—on the right flank of the Russian column at a point about
two-thirds of its length down. The squadron of the 5th Dragoon Guards cut
into the melee in close sequence to the attack of the first line and on its
left. This series of attacks, brilliantly delivered and completed within the
brief space of eight minutes, entirely demoralised the Russian force.
Onlookers relate that the first onset made the enemy as it were reel back,
and that then by degrees—very rapid degrees it must be observed—the powerful
column seemed to become disintegrated. Regular formation, or even the
semblance of regular formation, was lost, and in less than ten minutes what
had been a strong and compact body of cavalry in column of squadrons was a
mob of fugitives, which first scattered and then spread itself over the
plain, only to rally far down the northern valley behind the guns of the Don
Cossacks.

| Country | France | ||||||
| Branch | Infantry | ||||||
| Model/Pattern | Briquet | ||||||
| Maker | Klingenthal | ||||||
| Markings |
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A standard French infantry briquet. Likely used more as a tool than a weapon. Nice imperial stamps and dates to about 1809. Assembled at Versailles. There is no way of knowing the history of this briquet, whether it was used by a soldier(s) on campaign or sat out the wars on garrison duty in France.
If you consider the dating provided by the stamps, you can reconstruct a somewhat fanciful history of this saber. It could have been in Spain to fight out the Penninsular campaigns or carried at Wargram, Aspern-Essling and into Russia at Smolensk, Borodino, Moscow and the disastrous retreat. It might have been carried in the Penninsula or in Napoleon's final campaigns in Germany and France in 1813. It also have been carried at Waterloo.
Patterns for briquets are:
Sabre d'infanterie, modèle
de l' An IX (1801-1802) Was the first pattern and came from the wish of the
Consulate to unify the armament after the plethora of models seen during the
Revolution:
36 Ribs
The tip of the quillon "en pavillon"
Blade 59,8cm long, 3,5cm wide at the base
Throat of the scabbard with a button
Model An XI :
Same hilt
Blade 54,1cm long, 3,6cm wide
Throat of the scabbard with a bridge
Model An XIII (1804)
28 Ribs
Tip of the quillon like a ball
Blade 59,55cm long, 3,6cm wide
Source : Michel Pétard ( the author has used a lesser known text
of General Gassendi to establish the differences )
The model An XIII having been heavily used during the 1st Empire campaigns, the
decision was taken to replace it in 1816. Dimensions specified in 1817 and
production starting in 1818 at Klingenthal exclusively. Same specs as the An
XIII for the model 1816 except the bridge of the throat was a bit higher on the
scabbard furniture. In 1820, Châtellerault starts production of the model 1816
until the appearance of the 1831, " the gladius ". The enormous quantity
of 1816 left by the adoption of the 1831 were given to the Garde Nationale
(N.B.) in Lhoste and Resek, the dimensions differ and they don't use the term An
XIII.

| Country | France | ||||||
| Branch | Infantry | ||||||
| Model/Pattern | Briquet | ||||||
| Maker | Klingenthal | ||||||
| Markings |
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Although the spine markings are mostly unreadable, we can date this briquette to 1812 because of the proof marks (poincons) that are stamped into the blade. The Krantz stamp indicates that this was proofed from March 1812 to the end of that year. It was made in time for the invasion of Russia, but I think it unlikely that it would have made that campaign. It is more likely to have stayed in France until the final campaigns after the Russian disaster or into the Penninsula. It certainly saw the final days of the First Empire and the Waterloo campaign.
This is a well used piece. The blade is dark with age and shows signs of use. These were not primarily weapons, but tools for everyday use. The blade will move in the hilt. Shims that held it steady are long gone. There are signs of multiple sharpenings some signs of pitting, but overall very sturdy. This definitely did not sit idle in a scabbard or storehouse somewhere.
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Standard pattern carried by Napoleonic French officers. 27.5" blade, 34" overall. This is in very good condition. Some staining to blade. Blade is etched with standard French engravings. Point shows some signs of sharpening. Hilt is nice and tight with boat shell showing some movement. Shrinkage in wooden grip causes the wiring to move a bit, but wire is complete and in very good condition.

| Country | France | ||||||
| Branch | Cavalry | ||||||
| Model/Pattern | sabre de cavalerie et dragons - modèle 1783 | ||||||
| Maker | Manceaux | ||||||
| Markings |
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This is not a pristine example, but a hard used veteran that saw the opening struggles of a new French republic that was at war with most of her neighbors before the Napoleonic wars.
Originally decorated with the fleur d lis, the basket shows the replacement by the liberty cap on frasnes, the symbol of revolutionary France. While carried by cuirassier and dragoon regiments, this is more associated with the dragoons.
The blade shows numerous nicks on the edge and the original hatchet point ground down by sharpening. There is a spot near the hilt which appears to have had a more severe nick ground out. The blade is also stamped with the cap on frasces stamp of the revolutionary period.
The hilt is maker marked “Manceaux” with a proof stamp of “D-D”. A rack number (A.28) has also been stamped on it. There is also a stamp that could be a liberty cap. The guard shows some bending. One branch has been broken off. The grip leather is mostly there with some tears. The wire binding is present and in good condition. There has been some wood shrinkage and the hilt is a bit loose.
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| Country | France | |||||||
| Branch | Cavalry | |||||||
| Model/Pattern | ANIX | |||||||
| Maker | Klingenthal | |||||||
| Markings |
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French Light Cavalry Model ANIX (1802) trooper saber (Sabre de Cavalerie legere de Troupe Modele de l’an IX). Also known as the Saber ‘a la chasseur’. Great untouched, unrestored original example. The first model of this highly original and groundbreaking revolutionary design with one main and two secondary brass branches. The reverse lozenge shaped languet bottom half now missing .
Made for only 2 years before being replaced by the more robust ANXI, these early examples are very very hard to find and nearly always encountered in used and abused condition; this one far better condition than most. The original scabbards for this model were of very thin iron and few survived, the scabbard for this one is long since missing.
A type which needs no introduction to sword collectors being the principal weapon of Napoleon’s light mounted horse troops: chasseurs a cheval, hussars, lancers and horse artillery. Profusely marked 33.25” ( 84.5 cm) curved single wide fuller blade shows some loss at tip from continuous wear and use (although not apparent from smooth wear it was probably another inch longer when made). Exceptional crisp spine inscription . Blade very good for type with surface staining but without pitting or major dings. Mostly intact original leather covered grip retains the classic brass “nails” in the center which are sometimes missing. There is a 1” gouge in the leather on the reverse.
If you consider the dating provided by the stamps, you can reconstruct a somewhat fanciful history of this saber. It is considered that French cavalry sabers did see service on numerous campaigns. From 1802, this saber was likely at Ulm, Austeritz, Jena, Auerstadt, Eylau, Friedland, and the Spanish campaign. After 1809, it could have remained in Spain to fight out the Penninsular campaigns or returned with Napoleon to be carried at Wargram, Aspern-Essling and into Russia at Smolensk, Borodino, Moscow and the disastrous retreat. Very likely, it was carried in the Penninsula or in Napoleon's final campaigns in Germany and France in 1813. It could easily have been carried at Waterloo.
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| Country | France | ||||||
| Branch | Cavalry - cuirassiers | ||||||
| Model/Pattern | ANXI/ANXIII | ||||||
| Maker | L'Artelier de Paris / Versailles | ||||||
| Markings |
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This is a very interesting sword that contains much of it's own providence. The lightly curved, double fullered, 36.5" ANXI/ANXIII blade bears the stamps of L'Atelier de Paris (Paris Workshop), a private manufacturer. This would date the blade from 1795 - 1799. At the beginning of the French "Call to the arms " in 1792, there was a huge need for weapons of all kinds; since the official manufactures could not supply fast enough, every shop working with metal participated to the effort. The " AP " (the left branch of the " A " being not struck hard enough ) was in use from 1795 to may be 1814 . it was the approval mark for blades forged abroad. The fasces surmounted by the liberty cap was used from 1793 to 1799 as an approval mark for the blades manufactured by a great number of private shops that were requested to supply them to comply with the huge demand. The original type of sword this blade could have been used on would have been one of - sabre de cavalerie et dragons - modèle 1779, sabre de combat de la Gendarmerie de France - modèle 1780, sabre de cavalerie et dragons - modèle 1783 (it is the model 1783 whose hilt has seen the fleur de lys removed and replaced by the fasces surmounted by the liberty cap), - sabre des officiers de dragons - modèle 1782, sabre des officiers généraux - modèle 1788, sabre d'officiers Garde Nationale et Maréchaussée -- période Révolution, sabre de cavalerie et dragons - modèle 1792.
It was apparently rehilted in 1813 with an ANXIII hilt at Versailles. In 1793, Versailles was created but for repairs only. In 1794, Versailles becomes " Manufacture de carabines de Versailles " - government controled - turning out only firearms. In 1800, the shop becomes private under Boutet and named " Manufacture Impériale d'armes de Versailles " in 1804 under Emperor Napoleon, then " Manufacture Royale d'armes " in may 1814 under King Louis XVIII then again " Imperial " in march 1815, and again " Royale " in November 1815 after the " 100 days ". Versailles was closed on September 22, 1818.
The entire sword measures 42.75" long.
If you consider the dating provided by the stamps, you can reconstruct a somewhat fanciful history of this saber. It is considered that French cavalry sabers did see service on numerous campaigns. The period from 1795 - 1799 included Arcole, Rivoli, the Egyptian campaign, Ulm, and Marengo. From 1802, this saber was likely at Ulm, Austeritz, Jena, Auerstadt, Eylau, Friedland, and the Spanish campaign. After 1809, it could have remained in Spain to fight out the Penninsular campaigns or returned with Napoleon to be carried at Wargram, Aspern-Essling and into Russia at Smolensk, Borodino, Moscow and the disastrous retreat. It was either damaged/repaired or refitted about this time (July-Dec 1813) at Versailles with an ANXIII hilt. It probably missed most of the campaigning in 1813, but could have returned to service in time for the final days of the 1st Empire. It could easily have been carried at Waterloo and may have seen service after the Napoleonic Wars as well.
This is a family item which has been in my family since the "Big One". Issued to my grandfather William Cochran of Lee's Summit, Mo. I never realized it, but my grandfather was apparently in the cavalry and was in the process of being shipped overseas when the war ended. I do remember several items we had around the house when I was little which I never realized were his and I have since found that they were all cavalry issue.
The WC engraved into the handle are his initials, carved in by him. The BB is from my older brother Bob, who had this when he was younger. I ended up with it by being the last one at home who knew it existed.

This saber is dated to 1913, the first year of issue, and has the Springfield Armory markings and is serial number 587. This is one of the very first Patton sabers!
The good news is that the guard is unpainted and the blade shows staining, but no rust or corrosion. The defects of this set is that the blade has a service repair about halfway down the blade. The scabbard webbing has been torn, but could be reglued if desired.
This is a Dutch 1813 Light Cavalry
Model 2 saber. These were mostly used by the horse artillery. They had a very
short production life and are rarely found. The Model 3 was introduced in 1814.
These were used in the time when Holland was pulling away from being a French
providence.
I have had people indicate that this is a non regulation French cavalry saber or
a cheval legere lancier saber, but my best qualified source indicates that it is
Dutch and there are examples in the Dutch Army museum and Rijksmuseum in
Amsterdam which seem to bear this out. The French influence is obvious.
This particular saber is complete, tight and undamaged except for a small flaw
on the spine which looks more like a splinter than anything else. The steel is
dark with age and unpitted. The leather grips are whole and the condition is
fairly shown. The point is clipped and there is no scabbard.
Reserve is $600.00
Victorian feather bonnet with a badge
marking it for the 92nd (Gordon) Highlanders. Purchased from a reputable UK
dealer. There are no discernable government markings, but the badge is of the
type from the latter 1800s. No hackle. The chinstrap is in one piece but is
tearing. Four tails and the feathers are full and in good condition.